White Papers, Case Studies

Selective Coordination

> Selectivity Guidelines For Square D® Panelboards
The natural advantages of circuit breakers make them the logical choice for overcurrent protection. New requirements in the National Electrical Code for emergency and legally required standby systems make it advantageous to consider selective coordination at the beginning of the design process.
View or download (104Kpdf) 

> Guide to Power System Selective Coordination 600V and Below
With the inclusion of new language in the 2005 National Electrical Code® (NEC®), the requirements for selective coordination of electrical power systems are, at present, more stringent than ever before.
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> Short Circuit Selective Coordination for Low Voltage Circuit Breakers
Presents short circuit selective coordination data for various combinations of Square D low voltage circuit breakers.
View or download (2.3MBpdf)

> Enhancing Short Circuit Selective Coordination with Low Voltage Circuit Breakers
Presents techniques for improving the short circuit selective coordination of low voltage circuit breakers used in electrical distribution systems.
View or download (1.2MBpdf)

> LA High Magnetic Withstand Circuit Breaker—The Power Solution for Mission Critical Loads
Presents the LA Mission Critical Circuit Breaker as a viable solution to mission critical applications requiring Selective Coordination.
View or download (181Kpdf)

Electrical System Environment

> Electrical Equipment and Components in Adverse/Corrosive Environments
Reminds users of environmental restrictions for the installation of electrical equipment and components in a corrosive environment.
View or download (70Kpdf)

Circuit Breakers vs. Fuses

> A Comparison of Circuit Breakers and Fuses for Low-Voltage Applications
This paper gives a feature-by-feature comparison of the merits of circuit breakers vs. fuses, discussing the relative merits of fuses and circuit breakers in each section. While both circuit breakers and fuses are available for application in systems that operate at higher voltage levels, the focus of this guide is on low-voltage systems operating at 600 V or below.
View or download (381Kpdf)

Enclosed Drives

> Short Circuit Current Ratings For Enclosed Drives,
2005 NEC And UL508A Requirements
View or download (158Kdoc)

Healthcare

> Assessing the Health of Your Healthcare Facility's Electrical Power Distribution System
This paper gives the basic considerations that should be taken into account for a power system assessment for a health-care facility, including codes compliance and grounding issues. The procedures for carrying out a typical assessment are also outlined, as well as the “gotchas” to be aware of that could compromise performance and/or safety.
View or download (622Kpdf)

Power Quality Solutions

• Harmonic Distortion—Voltage versus Current (59K pdf)
• Loose Connections Cause Power Quality Problems (155K pdf)
• Power Quality Monitoring Described in P1159 (247K pdf)
• Power Factor Correction Costs, Benefits, and Cautions (207K pdf)
• Solutions to Voltage Sags and Interruptions (281K pdf)
• Neutral Conductor and Transformer Overload Problems (154K pdf)
• PowerLogic® System Terminology (80K pdf)
• Beyond Blondel—Monitoring all phases on a three-wire circuit (131K pdf)
• Code Compliance or Warranty Compliance? —Grounding of Sensitive Process Machines (178K pdf)
• PowerLogic Monitoring in a Portable Package (733K pdf)
• Complex PQ Problem Yields Simple Solutions (501K pdf)
• Justifying A Power Management System (124K pdf)
• Waveform Captures: The Key to PQ Solutions (172K pdf)
• Transients in Power Systems (Part 1) (106K pdf)
• Transients in Power Systems (Part II) (191K pdf)

Critical Power Applications

Critical Power Technical Library (Requires Registration/Login)

Water/Wastewater

> Generator Loading, Harmonics Monitoring and Mitigating Analysis in a Water Treatment Plant
The use of harmonic simulations to estimate the reduction in harmonic current that could be achieved byspecific modifications.
View or download (143Kpdf)

> Simple Mistakes Lead to Harmonic Distortion Problems in Water Treatment Plant
This paper offers simple calculation methods to predict problems in advance and outlines solution options to reduce operating problems in a WWT facility.
View or download (338Kpdf)

> Power System Harmonic Mitigation for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plants
This paper reviews the nature and sources of harmonics for water and wastewater treatment plants.
View or download (130Kpdf)

> Arc Flash in the Water/Wastewater Industry: No Longer an Emerging Issue
While water treatment and wastewater treatment facilities have sometimes been viewed as being outside the requirements of new arc flash standards, this perception is rapidly changing.
View or download (210Kpdf)